List of Contracted Forms in English

Short Forms of the Verb ‘to be’

Present Tense
I am	I’m		I’m not
you are	you’re	you aren’t	you’re not
he is	he’s	he isn’t	he’s not
she is	she’s	she isn’t	she’s not
it is	it’s	it isn’t	it is not
we are	we’re	we aren’t	we’re not
they are	they’re	they aren’t	they’re not
there is	there‘s
here is	here‘s
where is	where‘s
what is	what‘s
how is	how‘s

Note: ‘s can be used to mean is or has. For example: She’s English. (She is English). She’s got a dog. (She has got a dog.)
You can use a contracted form with any noun. For example: Mark’s here. / The book’s on the table. The forms are very common in speaking but are used less frequently in writing.

Short Forms of the Verb ‘to be’

Past Tense
I / He / She / It	was not	wasn’t
We / You / They	were not	weren’t

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Short Forms of the Verb ‘to have’

Present Tense
I have	I’ve	I haven’t	I’ve not
You have	You’ve	You haven’t	You’ve not
He has	He’s	He hasn’t	He’s not
She has	She’s	She hasn’t	She’s not
It has	It’s	It hasn’t	It’s not
We have	We’ve	We haven’t	We’ve not
They have	They’ve	They haven’t	They’ve not

PAST Tense
I had	I’d	I hadn’t	I’d not
You had	You‘d	You hadn’t	You’d not
He had	He‘d	He hadn’t	He’d not
She had	She‘d	She hadn’t	She’d not
It had	It‘d	It hadn’t	It’d not
We had	We‘d	We hadn’t	We’d not
They had	They‘d	They hadn’t	They’d not

Note: The forms I’ve / I haven’t are very, very common in English. You will also hear the form I’ve not… but note that this form is much rarer.

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Short Forms of Verb ‘to Do’

Present Tense
He / She / It	do not	doesn’t

Past Tense
I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They	did not	didn’t

Short Forms of Modal Verb WILL

Present & Future
I will	I’ll	won’t	I’ll not
you will	you’ll	you won’t	you’ll not
he will	he’ll	he won’t	he’ll not
she will	she’ll	she won’t	she’ll not
it will	it’ll	it won’t	it’ll not
we will	we’ll	we won’t	we’ll not
they will	they’ll	they won’t	they’ll not

Short Forms of Modal Verb WOULD

Past Tense
I would	I’d	I wouldn’t
you would	you’d	you wouldn’t
he would	he’d	he wouldn’t
she would	she’d	she wouldn’t
it would	it’d	it wouldn’t
we would	we’d	we wouldn’t
they would	they’d	they wouldn’t

Past Tense
I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they	would have	would’ve
I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they	would not have	wouldn’t’ve

Short Forms of other MODAL & SEMI-MODAL VERBS

Present & Future
cannot	can’t
could not	couldn’t
might not	mightn’t
must not	mustn’t
need not	needn’t
ought not	oughtn’t
shall not	shan’t
should not	shouldn’t
used not	usedn’t
will not	won’t
had not	hadn’t
dare not	daren’t

Past Tense
can not have	can’t’ve
could not have	couldn’t’ve
might not have	mightn’t’ve
must not have	mustn’t’ve
need not have	needn’t’ve
ought not have	oughtn’t’ve
shall not have	shan’t’ve
should not have	shouldn’t’ve
will not have	won’t’ve
dare not have	daren’t’ve